Random number generators fulfill a number of purposes. Everything from games to simulations require a random number generator to work properly. Randomness finds its way into business what-if scenarios as well. In short, you need to add random output to your application in many situations.
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Q&A for Work. Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and your coworkers to find and share information. Randomizing of values is, at its most basic form, one of the easier things a programmer can do with the C language. I have created this short tutorial for Cprogramming.com to aid you in learning, constructing, and using the functions available to you to randomize values.
Creating a random number isn’t hard. All you need to do is call a random number function as shown in the RandomNumberGenerator example:
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Actually, not one of the random number generators in the Standard Library works properly — imagine that! They are all pseudorandom number generators: The numbers are distributed such that it appears that you see a random sequence, but given enough time and patience, eventually the sequence repeats.
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In fact, if you don’t set a seed value for your random number generator, you can obtain predictable sequences of numbers every time. How boring. Here is typical output from this example:
The first line of code in main() sets the seed by using the system time. Using the system time ensures a certain level of randomness in the starting value — and therefore a level of randomness for your application as a whole. If you comment out this line of code, you see the same output every time you run the application.
The example application uses rand() to create the random value. When you take the modulus of the random number, you obtain an output that is within a specific range — 12 in this case. The example ends by adding 1 to the random number because there isn’t any month 0 in the calendar, and then outputs the month number for you.
The Standard Library provides access to two types of pseudorandom number generators. The first type requires that you set a seed value. The second type requires that you provide an input value with each call and doesn’t require a seed value. Each generator outputs a different data type, so you can choose the kind of random number you obtain. Dev-c.com scripthook.
The table lists the random number generators and tells you what data type they output.
Function | Output Type | Seed Required? |
---|---|---|
rand | integer | yes |
drand48 | double | yes |
erand48 | double | no |
lrand48 | long | yes |
nrand48 | long | no |
mrand48 | signed long | yes |
jrand48 | signed long | no |
Now that you know about the pseudorandom number generators, look at the seed functions used to prime them. The following table lists the seed functions and their associated pseudorandom number generator functions.
Function | Associated Pseudorandom Number Generator Function |
---|---|
srand | rand |
srand48 | drand48 |
seed48 | mrand48 |
lcong48 | lrand48 |
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Description
The C library function int rand(void) returns a pseudo-random number in the range of 0 to RAND_MAX.
RAND_MAX is a constant whose default value may vary between implementations but it is granted to be at least 32767.
Declaration
Following is the declaration for rand() function.
Parameters
- NA
Return Value
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This function returns an integer value between 0 and RAND_MAX.
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Example
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The following example shows the usage of rand() function.
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Let us compile and run the above program that will produce the following result −
stdlib_h.htm